Biopolymers for encapsulation of probiotics must be biocompatible, biodegradable, processable, and neutral to probiotics. Moreover, they must have the ability to completely release the loaded probiotics or to allow controlled or/and targeted release of the probiotics under certain conditions. The biopolymeric microencapsulated probiotics are generally divided into two major categories being single- and multi-layer microparticles. Single layer microparticles are generally composed of a semipermeable, spherical, thin, and strong membranous wall that retains the probiotics within the struc